Particle physics is the study of the elementary constituents of matter and energy, and the interactions between them.[45] In addition, particle physicists design and develop the high energy accelerators,[46] detectors,[47] and computer programs[48]
necessary for this research. The field is also called "high-energy
physics" because many elementary particles do not occur naturally, but
are created only during high-energy collisions of other particles.[49]
Currently, the interactions of elementary particles and fields are described by the Standard Model.[50] The model accounts for the 12 known particles of matter (quarks and leptons) that interact via the strong, weak, and electromagnetic fundamental forces.[50] Dynamics are described in terms of matter particles exchanging gauge bosons (gluons, W and Z bosons, and photons, respectively).[51] The Standard Model also predicts a particle known as the Higgs boson,[50] the existence of which has not yet been verified. In July 2012 CERN, the European laboratory for particle physics, announced the detection of a particle consistent with the Higgs boson.[52]
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